Hematite

Hematite usually occurs as massive, opaque material with a metallic luster. It shows a blood-red color when cut into thin slices. However, it also occurs as short, black, rhombohedral crystals, and may have iridescent surfaces. When arranged like the petal of a flower, hematite is called ‘iron rose.’ Shiny crystals may be called ‘specular’ hematite, a name derived from their traditional use in mirrors.

With a harness of 6½, hematite is easily carved. However, care must be taken to prevent scratching. It can be used as an artist’s pigment or for polishing by powdering it. In the past, it was used to protect the wearer from bleeding.

Occurrence

The main deposits of hematite are igneous rocks in North America (Lake Superior and Quebec), England, Venezuela, and Brazil. Iron roses are found in Brazil and Switzerland. The material from Elba, Germany, and England can be cut and used in jewelry.

Hematite Properties

• Specific Gravity: 5.20
• Refractive Index: 2.94-3.22
• Birefringence (DR): 0.280
• Luster: Metallic
• Crystal Structure: Trigonal
• Composition: Iron oxide
• Hardness: 6½

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